What to Do to Protect Babies

1. Screening and Diagnosis During Pregnancy

Hepatitis B Test:

• The Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) test should be performed during the first three months of pregnancy (first trimester).

If HBsAg is Positive:

• The HBV DNA level should be determined and liver function tests should be performed.
• In cases of high viral load (HBV DNA >200,000 IU/mL), antiviral treatment may be initiated in the third trimester.

2. Prenatal Precautions

• Doctor Follow-up: Expectant mothers should be monitored throughout pregnancy for liver health and viral load through regular check-ups.
• Antiviral Treatment: If recommended by the doctor, antiviral drugs may be used to reduce the risk of transmission to the baby during delivery.
• Birth Planning: The method of delivery (vaginal or cesarean section) does not change the risk of transmission, but the decision should be made based on the mother's overall health.

3. What to Do Immediately After Birth

Hepatitis B Vaccine:

• The baby should receive the first dose of the Hepatitis B vaccine within the first 12 hours after birth.

Hepatitis B Immunoglobulin (HBIG):

• If the mother is HBsAg positive, HBIG should be administered to the baby along with the vaccine.
• HBIG provides passive protection until the baby's immune system is fully developed.
• The vaccine and HBIG should be administered at different injection sites.

4. Vaccination Schedule

To strengthen the baby's immunity, the Hepatitis B vaccine should be administered in three doses:

• The first and second doses should be administered at least four weeks apart, the second and third doses at least eight weeks apart, and the third dose at least 16 weeks after the first dose.
• HBV vaccination during pregnancy is not contraindicated.

5. Breastfeeding

• If the baby has been vaccinated after birth, breastfeeding is safe.

Precautions:

• If there are cracks or bleeding at the nipple, precautions should be taken against the risk of transmission.

6. Other Precautions

• Hygiene: The mother and family members should observe hygiene rules when in contact with the newborn.
• Education and Information: Expectant mothers should be informed about the transmission routes of Hepatitis B, prevention methods, and its effects on the health of babies.
• Family Screening and Vaccination: Other members of the household should also be screened for Hepatitis B carriage and vaccinated if necessary.

7. Act Quickly in Risky Situations

If the Mother's HBsAg Status is Unknown:

• The vaccine should be administered immediately after the baby is born.
• If the mother tests positive, HBIG should be given to the baby as soon as possible (preferably within the first 7 days).

For Premature Babies:

• Infants born weighing less than 2000 grams may require an additional dose. The vaccination protocol for these infants should be revised by the physician.